Telomeres are the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten as tisssues divide, which is associated with aging and age-related diseases. The enzyme telomerase is responsible for maintaining and lengthening telomeres, thereby potentially delaying aging and extending the lifespan.

HBOT therapy has a positive effect on telomere length by stimulating the production of telomerase. The increased oxygen availability during HBOT sessions promotes egg repair and reduce oxidative stress, both of which contribute to telomere shortening.